Read Anywhere and on Any Device!

Subscribe to Read | $0.00

Join today and start reading your favorite books for Free!

Create Free Account

Quick and Easy Sign Up!

It takes less then 1 minute to sign up, then you can enjoy Unlimited eBooks.

Sign Up Browse

Popular Genres

Read Anywhere and on Any Device!

  • Download on iOS
  • Download on Android
  • Download on iOS

Norman Lockyer

4.1/5 ( ratings)
Born
May 16 1836
Died
1515 08 19201920
Website
Go to Website
Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, FRS , known simply as Norman Lockyer, was an English scientist and astronomer. Along with the French scientist Pierre Janssen he is credited with discovering the gas helium. Lockyer also is remembered for being the founder and first editor of the influential journal Nature.

Lockyer was born in Rugby, Warwickshire. After a conventional schooling supplemented by travel in Switzerland and France, he worked for some years as a civil servant in the British War office. He settled in Wimbledon, South London after marrying Winifred James. A keen amateur astronomer with a particular interest in the Sun. In 1885 he became the world's first professor of astronomical physics at the Royal College of Science, South Kensington, now part of Imperial College. At the college, the Solar Physics Observatory was built for him and here he directed research until 1913.

In the 1860s Lockyer became fascinated by electromagnetic spectroscopy as an analytical tool for determining the composition of heavenly bodies. He conducted his research from his new home in West Hampstead, with a 6¼ inch telescope which he already used Wimbledon. In 1868 a prominent yellow line was observed in a spectrum taken near the edge of the Sun. With a wavelength of about 588 nm, slightly less than the so-called "D" lines of sodium. the line could not be explained as due to any material known at the time, and so it was suggested by Lockyer that the yellow line was caused by an unknown solar element. He named this element helium after the Greek word 'Helios' meaning 'sun'. An observation of the new yellow line also was made by Janssen at the 18 August 1868 solar eclipse, and so he and Lockyer usually are awarded joint credit for helium's discovery. Terrestrial helium was found about 10 years later by William Ramsay. In his work on the identification of helium, Lockyer collaborated with the noted chemist Edward Frankland.

To facilitate the transmission of ideas between scientific disciplines, Lockyer established the general science journal Nature in 1869. He remained its editor until shortly before his death.

Lockyer led eight expeditions to observe solar eclipses for example in 1870 to Sicily, 1871 to India and 1898 to India.

After his retirement in 1913, Lockyer established an observatory near his home in Salcombe Regis near Sidmouth, Devon. Originally known as the Hill Observatory, the site was renamed the Norman Lockyer Observatory after his death. For a time the observatory was a part of the University of Exeter, but is now owned by the East Devon District Council, and run by the Norman Lockyer Observatory Society. The Norman Lockyer Chair in Astrophysics at the University of Exeter is currently held by Professor Tim Naylor, who is the member of the Astrophysics group there which studies star formation and extrasolar planets.

Fellow of the Royal Society

Janssen Medal, Paris Academy of Science

Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

President, British Association

The crater Lockyer on the Moon and the crater Lockyer on Mars are both named after him.

Norman Lockyer

4.1/5 ( ratings)
Born
May 16 1836
Died
1515 08 19201920
Website
Go to Website
Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, FRS , known simply as Norman Lockyer, was an English scientist and astronomer. Along with the French scientist Pierre Janssen he is credited with discovering the gas helium. Lockyer also is remembered for being the founder and first editor of the influential journal Nature.

Lockyer was born in Rugby, Warwickshire. After a conventional schooling supplemented by travel in Switzerland and France, he worked for some years as a civil servant in the British War office. He settled in Wimbledon, South London after marrying Winifred James. A keen amateur astronomer with a particular interest in the Sun. In 1885 he became the world's first professor of astronomical physics at the Royal College of Science, South Kensington, now part of Imperial College. At the college, the Solar Physics Observatory was built for him and here he directed research until 1913.

In the 1860s Lockyer became fascinated by electromagnetic spectroscopy as an analytical tool for determining the composition of heavenly bodies. He conducted his research from his new home in West Hampstead, with a 6¼ inch telescope which he already used Wimbledon. In 1868 a prominent yellow line was observed in a spectrum taken near the edge of the Sun. With a wavelength of about 588 nm, slightly less than the so-called "D" lines of sodium. the line could not be explained as due to any material known at the time, and so it was suggested by Lockyer that the yellow line was caused by an unknown solar element. He named this element helium after the Greek word 'Helios' meaning 'sun'. An observation of the new yellow line also was made by Janssen at the 18 August 1868 solar eclipse, and so he and Lockyer usually are awarded joint credit for helium's discovery. Terrestrial helium was found about 10 years later by William Ramsay. In his work on the identification of helium, Lockyer collaborated with the noted chemist Edward Frankland.

To facilitate the transmission of ideas between scientific disciplines, Lockyer established the general science journal Nature in 1869. He remained its editor until shortly before his death.

Lockyer led eight expeditions to observe solar eclipses for example in 1870 to Sicily, 1871 to India and 1898 to India.

After his retirement in 1913, Lockyer established an observatory near his home in Salcombe Regis near Sidmouth, Devon. Originally known as the Hill Observatory, the site was renamed the Norman Lockyer Observatory after his death. For a time the observatory was a part of the University of Exeter, but is now owned by the East Devon District Council, and run by the Norman Lockyer Observatory Society. The Norman Lockyer Chair in Astrophysics at the University of Exeter is currently held by Professor Tim Naylor, who is the member of the Astrophysics group there which studies star formation and extrasolar planets.

Fellow of the Royal Society

Janssen Medal, Paris Academy of Science

Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

President, British Association

The crater Lockyer on the Moon and the crater Lockyer on Mars are both named after him.

Books from Norman Lockyer

The Dawn of Astronomy: A Study of Temple Worship and Mythology of the Ancient Egyptians

4.1/5 ( ratings)

Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered

4/5 ( ratings)

Nature, Vol. 40 (Classic Reprint)

5/5 ( ratings)

Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science (Classic Reprint)

5/5 ( ratings)

Education and National Progress. Essays and Addresses. 1870-1905

5/5 ( ratings)

The History Of Sun Worship Of The Ancient Egyptians

2/5 ( ratings)

Nature, Volume 65

2/5 ( ratings)

Nature, Volume 77

2/5 ( ratings)

Nature, Volume 56

2/5 ( ratings)

Nature: International Journal of Science, Volume 38

2/5 ( ratings)

The Solar Temple Of Amen-Ra At Karnak

2/5 ( ratings)

Inorganic Evolution: As Studied by Spectrum Analysis (Classic Reprint)

2/5 ( ratings)

Nature: International Journal of Science, Volume 31

2/5 ( ratings)

On the General Spectra of Certain Type-Stars and the Spectra of Several of the Brighter Stars in the Green Region

2/5 ( ratings)

Questions on Lockyer's Elementary Lessons in Astronomy. For the use of Schools

2/5 ( ratings)

The Sun's Spotted Area, 1832 1900: A Statement of the Mean Daily Area in Each Synodic Rotation of the Sun, Based Upon Data Collected at the Solar Physics Observatory, South Kensington (Classic Reprint)

2/5 ( ratings)

The Sun's Spotted Area, 1832 1900: A Statement of the Mean Daily Area in Each Synodic Rotation of the Sun, Based Upon Data Collected at the Solar Physics Observatory, South Kensington (Classic Reprint)

2/5 ( ratings)

Nature, Vol. 13: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science; November 1875 to April 1876 (Classic Reprint)

2/5 ( ratings)

Nature, Vol. 27 (Classic Reprint)

2/5 ( ratings)

Nature, Vol. 1: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science (Classic Reprint)

2/5 ( ratings)
loader