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Karl Marx

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Born: May 04 1818

Died: 1313 03 18831883

Karl Marx, Ph.D. was a social scientist who was a key contributor to the development of Communist theory.

Marx was born in Trier, a city then in the Kingdom of Prussia's Province of the Lower Rhine. His father, born Jewish, converted to Protestantism shortly before Karl's birth in response to a prohibition newly introduced into the Rhineland by the Prussian Kingdom on Jews practicing law. Educated at the Universities of Bonn, Jena, and Berlin, Marx founded the Socialist newspaper Vorwärts! in 1844 in Paris. After being expelled from France at the urging of the Prussian government, which "banished" Marx in absentia, Marx studied economics in Brussels. He and Engels founded the Communist League in 1847 and published the Communist Manifesto. After the failed revolution of 1848 in Germany, in which Marx participated, he eventually wound up in London. Marx worked as foreign correspondent for several U.S. publications. His Das Kapital came out in three volumes . Marx organized the International and helped found the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Although Marx was not religious, Bertrand Russell later remarked, "His belief that there is a cosmic force called Dialectical Materialism which governs human history independently of human volitions, is mere mythology" . Marx once quipped, "All I know is that I am not a Marxist" . D. 1883.

Marx began co-operating with Bruno Bauer on editing Hegel's Philosophy of Religion in 1840. Marx was also engaged in writing his doctoral thesis, The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature, which he completed in 1841. It was described as "a daring and original piece of work in which Marx set out to show that theology must yield to the superior wisdom of philosophy": the essay was controversial, particularly among the conservative professors at the University of Berlin. Marx decided, instead, to submit his thesis to the more liberal University of Jena, whose faculty awarded him his PhD in April 1841. As Marx and Bauer were both atheists, in March 1841 they began plans for a journal entitled Archiv des Atheismus , but it never came to fruition.

Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history. Marx is typically cited, with Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, as one of the three principal architects of modern social science.

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Karl Marx

Karl Marx

Books from Karl Marx

Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Volume 1

Das Kapital

The Marx-Engels Reader

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

The German Ideology / Theses on Feuerbach / Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy

The Communist Manifesto

Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

The Communist Manifesto

Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy

Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Volume 2

Wage-Labour and Capital/Value, Price and Profit

El manifiesto comunista

Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Volume 3

The Communist Manifesto

Manifesto do Partido Comunista

The Communist Manifesto

The Communist Manifesto (AmazonClassics Edition)

The Communist Manifesto

The Communist Manifesto

Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right