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National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking

National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking

Executive Office of the President
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In the past decade, wildlife trafficking—the poaching or other taking of protected or managed species and the illegal trade in wildlife and their related parts and products—has escalated into an international crisis. Wildlife trafficking is both a critical conservation concern and a threat to global security with significant effects on the national interests of the United States and the interests of our partners around the world.

As President Obama said in Tanzania in July 2013, on issuing a new Executive Order to better organize United States Government efforts in the fight against wildlife trafficking, wildlife is inseparable from the identity and prosperity of the world as we know it. We need to act now to reverse the effects of wildlife trafficking on animal populations before we lose the opportunity to prevent the extinction of iconic animals like elephants and rhinoceroses. Like other forms of illicit trade, wildlife trafficking undermines security across nations. Well-armed networks of poachers, criminals, and corrupt officials exploit porous borders and weak institutions to profit from trading in illegally taken wildlife.

We know that the United States is among the world’s major markets for wildlife and wildlife products, both legal and illegal. In Asia, increased demand for ivory and rhino horn stems from a rapidly expanding wealthy class that views these commodities as luxury goods that enhance social status. As a result, we have seen an increase in ready buyers within Africa who serve as dealers to clients in Asia. Increased demand for elephant ivory and rhino horn has triggered dramatic and rapid upticks in poaching in Africa. Criminal elements of all kinds, including some terrorist entities and rogue security personnel—often in collusion with government officials in source countries—are involved in poaching and transporting ivory and rhino horn across Africa. We assess with high confidence that traffickers use sophisticated networks and take advantage of jurisdictions where public officials are complicit in order to move elephant ivory and rhino horn from remote areas to markets and ports, perpetuating corruption and border insecurity, particularly in key eastern, central, and southern African states. Some of these networks are likely the same or overlap with those that also deal in other illicit goods such as drugs and weapons.

Poaching presents significant security challenges for militaries and police forces in African nations, which are often outgunned by poachers and their criminal and extremist allies. Moreover, wildlife trafficking corrodes democratic institutions and undermines transparency. Corruption and lack of sufficient penal and financial deterrents are hampering these governments’ abilities to reduce poaching and trafficking. Material and training, legal, and diplomatic support could have a significant impact on the trajectory of the illicit rhino horn and ivory trades, and would also represent a relatively cost-effective way to gain new insights into the behavior of implicated criminal groups and associated trafficking networks. However, the widespread complicity of military and government officials in the trade hinders potential partnerships.
Language
English
Pages
14
Format
Kindle Edition
Publisher
Pennyhill Press
Release
February 13, 2014

National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking

Executive Office of the President
0/5 ( ratings)
Read Download
In the past decade, wildlife trafficking—the poaching or other taking of protected or managed species and the illegal trade in wildlife and their related parts and products—has escalated into an international crisis. Wildlife trafficking is both a critical conservation concern and a threat to global security with significant effects on the national interests of the United States and the interests of our partners around the world.

As President Obama said in Tanzania in July 2013, on issuing a new Executive Order to better organize United States Government efforts in the fight against wildlife trafficking, wildlife is inseparable from the identity and prosperity of the world as we know it. We need to act now to reverse the effects of wildlife trafficking on animal populations before we lose the opportunity to prevent the extinction of iconic animals like elephants and rhinoceroses. Like other forms of illicit trade, wildlife trafficking undermines security across nations. Well-armed networks of poachers, criminals, and corrupt officials exploit porous borders and weak institutions to profit from trading in illegally taken wildlife.

We know that the United States is among the world’s major markets for wildlife and wildlife products, both legal and illegal. In Asia, increased demand for ivory and rhino horn stems from a rapidly expanding wealthy class that views these commodities as luxury goods that enhance social status. As a result, we have seen an increase in ready buyers within Africa who serve as dealers to clients in Asia. Increased demand for elephant ivory and rhino horn has triggered dramatic and rapid upticks in poaching in Africa. Criminal elements of all kinds, including some terrorist entities and rogue security personnel—often in collusion with government officials in source countries—are involved in poaching and transporting ivory and rhino horn across Africa. We assess with high confidence that traffickers use sophisticated networks and take advantage of jurisdictions where public officials are complicit in order to move elephant ivory and rhino horn from remote areas to markets and ports, perpetuating corruption and border insecurity, particularly in key eastern, central, and southern African states. Some of these networks are likely the same or overlap with those that also deal in other illicit goods such as drugs and weapons.

Poaching presents significant security challenges for militaries and police forces in African nations, which are often outgunned by poachers and their criminal and extremist allies. Moreover, wildlife trafficking corrodes democratic institutions and undermines transparency. Corruption and lack of sufficient penal and financial deterrents are hampering these governments’ abilities to reduce poaching and trafficking. Material and training, legal, and diplomatic support could have a significant impact on the trajectory of the illicit rhino horn and ivory trades, and would also represent a relatively cost-effective way to gain new insights into the behavior of implicated criminal groups and associated trafficking networks. However, the widespread complicity of military and government officials in the trade hinders potential partnerships.
Language
English
Pages
14
Format
Kindle Edition
Publisher
Pennyhill Press
Release
February 13, 2014

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