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The Cuban War of Independence: American and International Perspectives in 1896

The Cuban War of Independence: American and International Perspectives in 1896

San Francisco Call
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In 2015 President Barack Obama of the United States and Raul Castro of Cuba concluded a historic agreement that signalled a rapprochement between the two nations. Cuba had previously been under a United States embargo since 1959. The roots of the complicated relationship between the United States and Cuba can be traced back to the nineteenth century, when Cuba won its independence from Spain with American help.

Cuba was ruled by Spain from the sixteenth century until 1898. Cuban calls for independence from Spain grew in the second half of the nineteenth century, leading to a series of three wars for independence. The first of these wars began in 1868, led by planter and lawyer Carlos Manuel de Céspedes. The Ten Years’ War ended with the Pact of Zanjon, a compromise between Spain and several of the Cuban rebel leaders.

Many black and mixed-race Cubans fought against Spain in the Ten Years’ War. The most celebrated of them was Antonio Maceo Grajales, known as the “Bronze Titan”.

Some Cuban rebels refused to accept the Zanjon Treaty, and fighting soon broke out again. This conflict was called the Little War . It ended with the defeat of the rebels.

Finally, in the 1890s, growing Cuban agitation for independence from Spain led to a third, and final, war for independence from Spain. This conflict involved veteran revolutionaries like Maceo, as well as younger patriots like Cuban exile José Marti. This time the United States intervened in the war, ostensibly on behalf of the rebels.

In this final Cuban War of Independence, the opinions of the American public and economic elite turned firmly against Spain. The American economic elite, men like William Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, W. R. Hearst, Alonzo B. Cornell, and J. S. T. Stranahan threw their support behind the Cuban rebels, calling for American intervention. Populist American public sentiment against Spain and in favor of the Cuban patriots was fanned by sensationalist American press reports of Spanish atrocities.

This document contains American press reports from the war published in late 1896, that effectively call for U.S. intervention in Cuba in favor of the rebels. Two years later, in 1898, the mysterious sinking of the American naval ship ‘Maine’ in Havana harbor, led the United States to declare war on Spain. The Spanish-American War led to American invasions of Spanish colonies in the Caribbean and the Pacific .

In Cuba, American intervention snatched victory from the hands of independent-minded Cuban patriots, and led to American occupation, followed by the establishment of a U.S.-dominated Cuban government. One of the reasons for the original American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence was because wealthy Americans had invested heavily in Cuba by the 1890s, and they wanted to protect their economic interests.

The United States retained a great deal of political and economic influence on the island until Fidel Castro overthrew the regime of dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959. Castro subsequently seized control of American-owned businesses and established a Communist government with close ties to the Soviet Union. Not surprisingly, relations between the two nations soured, with the United States placing an embargo on the island.
Language
English
Pages
25
Format
Kindle Edition
Release
April 09, 2015

The Cuban War of Independence: American and International Perspectives in 1896

San Francisco Call
0/5 ( ratings)
Read Download
In 2015 President Barack Obama of the United States and Raul Castro of Cuba concluded a historic agreement that signalled a rapprochement between the two nations. Cuba had previously been under a United States embargo since 1959. The roots of the complicated relationship between the United States and Cuba can be traced back to the nineteenth century, when Cuba won its independence from Spain with American help.

Cuba was ruled by Spain from the sixteenth century until 1898. Cuban calls for independence from Spain grew in the second half of the nineteenth century, leading to a series of three wars for independence. The first of these wars began in 1868, led by planter and lawyer Carlos Manuel de Céspedes. The Ten Years’ War ended with the Pact of Zanjon, a compromise between Spain and several of the Cuban rebel leaders.

Many black and mixed-race Cubans fought against Spain in the Ten Years’ War. The most celebrated of them was Antonio Maceo Grajales, known as the “Bronze Titan”.

Some Cuban rebels refused to accept the Zanjon Treaty, and fighting soon broke out again. This conflict was called the Little War . It ended with the defeat of the rebels.

Finally, in the 1890s, growing Cuban agitation for independence from Spain led to a third, and final, war for independence from Spain. This conflict involved veteran revolutionaries like Maceo, as well as younger patriots like Cuban exile José Marti. This time the United States intervened in the war, ostensibly on behalf of the rebels.

In this final Cuban War of Independence, the opinions of the American public and economic elite turned firmly against Spain. The American economic elite, men like William Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, W. R. Hearst, Alonzo B. Cornell, and J. S. T. Stranahan threw their support behind the Cuban rebels, calling for American intervention. Populist American public sentiment against Spain and in favor of the Cuban patriots was fanned by sensationalist American press reports of Spanish atrocities.

This document contains American press reports from the war published in late 1896, that effectively call for U.S. intervention in Cuba in favor of the rebels. Two years later, in 1898, the mysterious sinking of the American naval ship ‘Maine’ in Havana harbor, led the United States to declare war on Spain. The Spanish-American War led to American invasions of Spanish colonies in the Caribbean and the Pacific .

In Cuba, American intervention snatched victory from the hands of independent-minded Cuban patriots, and led to American occupation, followed by the establishment of a U.S.-dominated Cuban government. One of the reasons for the original American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence was because wealthy Americans had invested heavily in Cuba by the 1890s, and they wanted to protect their economic interests.

The United States retained a great deal of political and economic influence on the island until Fidel Castro overthrew the regime of dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959. Castro subsequently seized control of American-owned businesses and established a Communist government with close ties to the Soviet Union. Not surprisingly, relations between the two nations soured, with the United States placing an embargo on the island.
Language
English
Pages
25
Format
Kindle Edition
Release
April 09, 2015

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