Duas vidas: Gertrude e Alice

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Como foi possível um casal de judias, homossexuais e já em idade avançada, sobreviver aos nazistas na França Ocupada? Com essa pergunta, Janet Malcolm inicia um trabalho de biografia literária e jornalismo investigativo. 'Duas vidas' é um retrato do par formado por Gertrude Stein e Alice B. Toklas, que atendeu às necessidades de Stein durante os quarenta anos de seu casamento. Com o foco na época em que Stein e Toklas moraram numa aldeia da França de Vichy, 'Duas vidas' explora as ambigüidades de suas protagonistas e de seu tempo. De aparência e temperamento opostos, as duas mulheres lançaram mão de subterfúgios os mais diversos para permanecer na França depois de as deportações já terem começado. Malcolm revela que as duas guerras mundiais que Stein e Toklas atravessaram juntas têm como paralelo a guerra privada que se travava entre elas e que às vezes eclodia em combates amargos. 'Duas vidas' é também uma obra de crítica literária, que investiga a biografia, seus jogos de vozes e de versões que nem sempre se confirmam.

“How had the pair of elderly Jewish lesbians survived the Nazis?” Janet Malcolm asks at the beginning of this extraordinary work of literary biography and investigative journalism. The pair, of course, is Gertrude Stein, the modernist master “whose charm was as conspicuous as her fatness” and “thin, plain, tense, sour” Alice B. Toklas, the “worker bee” who ministered to Stein’s needs throughout their forty-year expatriate “marriage.” As Malcolm pursues the truth of the couple’s charmed life in a village in Vichy France, her subject becomes the larger question of biographical truth. “The instability of human knowledge is one of our few certainties,” she writes.

The portrait of the legendary couple that emerges from this work is unexpectedly charged. The two world wars Stein and Toklas lived through together are paralleled by the private war that went on between them. This war, as Malcolm learned, sometimes flared into bitter combat.

Two Lives is also a work of literary criticism. “Even the most hermetic of [Stein’s:] writings are works of submerged autobiography,” Malcolm writes. “The key of 'I' will not unlock the door to their meaning—you need a crowbar for that—but will sometimes admit you to a kind of anteroom of suggestion.” Whether unpacking the accessible Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, in which Stein “solves the koan of autobiography,” or wrestling with The Making of Americans, a masterwork of “magisterial disorder,” Malcolm is stunningly perceptive.

Praise for the author:

“[Janet Malcolm:] is among the most intellectually provocative of authors . . .able to turn epiphanies of perception into explosions of insight.”—David Lehman, Boston Globe

“Not since Virginia Woolf has anyone thought so trenchantly about the strange art of biography.”—Christopher Benfey